Echocardiography Hemodynamics Understanding Cardiac Function

Echocardiography Hemodynamics

Blood Pressure (Systole / Diastole)

Heart Rate

BSA

IVC

Expiration diameter mm

Inspiration diameter mm

LVOT Diameter (mm)

LVOT VTI (cm)

E Lateral (cm/sec)

E Septal (cm/sec)

E Velocity (cm/sec)	A Velocity (cm/sec)
E/A

Echocardiography Hemodynamics Explanation and Clinical Context
Echocardiography hemodynamics integrates Doppler derived flow, structural measurements, and chamber velocities to estimate stroke volume, cardiac output, filling pressure, and right atrial pressure. LVOT VTI with a measured LVOT diameter yields stroke volume using the continuity principle. Inferior vena cava size and respiratory variation provide an estimate of right atrial pressure and volume status. E wave, A wave, and tissue Doppler e prime allow estimation of left atrial pressure through the E to e prime ratio. Cardiac power output combines flow and pressure and is a strong marker of outcome in advanced ventricular dysfunction. These noninvasive estimates should always be interpreted in the clinical context.

Reference
Lang R et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2015.
Nagueh S et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2016.
Rudski L et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2010.
Yancy C et al. 2022 American College of Cardiology American Heart Association heart failure guideline. Clinical guideline literature and standard cardiology texts provide background on hemodynamic concepts.

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