Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP / Child–Pugh) score — explanation and references
The Child–Pugh score is a 5-item clinical scoring system originally developed to estimate prognosis in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and to guide surgical risk assessment. Each of five parameters (total bilirubin, serum albumin, coagulation — expressed as INR or PT prolongation — ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy) is scored 1–3 points according to predefined thresholds; the sum (5–15) determines class A (5–6), B (7–9), or C (10–15). The score remains clinically useful for estimating hepatic functional reserve and approximate survival categories, but newer models (e.g., MELD/MELD-Na) typically outperform it for short-term mortality prediction; interpret prognosis with clinical context and consider more specific models when needed.
References:
StatPearls — Child Pugh score: criteria and cutoffs.
Cleveland Clinic patient guide — Child-Pugh calculation (table showing bilirubin, albumin, PT/INR, ascites, encephalopathy thresholds).
Merck Manuals / MSD — Child-Turcotte-Pugh scoring table and clinical notes.
Clinical overview / prognosis resources (survival ranges and comparisons to MELD). Note that reported 1- and 2-year survival percentages vary by cohort — examples and aggregate analyses are available in the literature; use the estimates shown above only as approximate guides.