LVOT VTI (Stroke Volume) Estimation: Explanation and Clinical Context The LVOT VTI (Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity Time Integral) combined with the LVOT diameter allows estimation of stroke volume (SV) by calculating the LVOT cross-sectional area and multiplying it by the VTI.
Stroke volume represents the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during a single cardiac cycle. Accurate estimation is important for assessing cardiac output and guiding hemodynamic management.
Normal stroke volume is typically 60–100 mL, but values vary with body size and physiological conditions. This calculation is widely used in echocardiography for non-invasive assessment of left ventricular function.
This method is derived from standard echocardiographic principles as described in classical cardiology references, providing a simple and reproducible approach for routine clinical use.
Reference:
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:1-39. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003